Identity and Access Management Australian Company

Question: Portray about the Identity and Access Management for Australian Company. Answer: Presentation Considering the healthscope for the Australian organization, there have been activities which are for dealing with the 46 clinics and the other 52 clinical consideration places. Thus, for this, there is a requirement for the best possible administration alongside the attention on Information and Physical Security the board. Subsequently, IAM (Identity Access Management). The IAM is for the treatment of the business procedure where the innovation deals with the system for the procedure which takes a shot at the inception recording and the administration of the client personality to take a shot at the related access consents. The confirmation is through the strategy and the people where there is legitimate verification, authorisation and evaluating control. The administrative rebelliousness depends on the examining where the administration won't have the option to give and give the verification and the dangers identified with the organization information if IAM isn't prepared precisely . Examination IAM For the PC security, the IAM depends on taking care of the security and the business which empowers the privileges of the people to appropriately get to the assets in the best possible way at the perfect time in a viable manner. This will help in dealing with and meeting the thorough prerequisites. (Khattak et al., 2016). This depends on the territories of the personality the board of the frameworks, items and the applications to deal with the distinguishing proof of the information alongside the elements that incorporates the people and the other PC related equipment and the applications on programming. According to the examination, there have been various administrations and the terms which are identified with the personality the board and incorporates the catalog administrations, computerized cards, specialist co-ops, web and the entrance control administrations with the single sign-on alongside other security tokens with the work processes and secret key supervisors. Improvement of IAM With the IAM extends in Health scope, these are not for the most part for the expansion of the gainfulness and the usefulness. The need the powerful administration finds to present dangers to the authoritative security with the issues of blunder that expansion the dangers that are more for the outside and the inner dangers. (Indu et al., 2015). There is a need to deal with the progression of the business information while appropriately dealing with the getting to of the business IT condition with the evolvement of the troublesome patterns like the bring-your-own-gadget (BYOD), distributed computing, portable applications with the expanded versatile workforce. There is a need to monitor the workers with the various jobs in association which thinks that its hard for the character and the entrance. The serious issue has been for the adjustment in the representative obligations. With the IAM, there is an appropriate arrangement of the brought together catalog which forestalls the accreditation to wind up recording the documents with the clingy notes, which is considered as a weight for the framework. (Latinen, 2016). Suggestion of IAM innovation This IAM innovation has been considered to offer the venture to ensure it alongside the improvement of the social and the versatile applications. It is predominantly for taking care of the unadulterated personality work with the creation, the executives and the erasure of the characters. The client get to depends on dealing with the savvy care with the administration capacities which can convey the customized, job based substance that has been founded on the nearness based administrations. The personality of the organizations is for the most part to confirm the client without knowing the secret key. (Marchiondo et al., 2015). With IAM, there is a likelihood to appropriately confirm, approve the data alongside characterizing the jobs and the assignments which depend on the presentation and permitting the clients to chip away at the various activities with the administration of the workplace related data. IAM deals with putting the individual data on the system which raises the worries of protection. Consequently, with this, there have been administrative consistence assessment which depend on client get to the board and the personality the executives procedure. The modules incorporate the coordination with the client provisioning and the lifecycle the board and the consistence supervisor who can deal with the various applications according to the getting to stream and change to the IAM-as-administration. (Pathan, 2016). Advantages SSO is viewed as the most significant element of the client looking in IAM which helps in dealing with the security of the framework alongside taking care of the more prominent access to the diverse programming applications. A portion of the advantages for this include: The Improvement in the User Experiences This is chiefly identified with the seeing of the advantages where the SSO takes out the requirements for the clients to appropriately recollect and deal with the passwords for the contributions for the getting to of the various territories of the framework. With this, the clients can do the programmed logins with the diverse associated framework. (Kumar et al., 2016). Improvement in the Profiles of the security SSO can give the entrance for the clients to deal with the applications naturally. The headway depends on the Security Assertion Mark-up Language (SAML) 2.0 which is for the extra degree of the security to appropriately confirm and approve the clients who depend on the degrees of the catalog profiles. The examples depend on taking care of the mix of the security profiles with the distinguishing proof of the stores, indexes and the other social personality suppliers. There are rules which are set for the mechanization access alongside the dynamic procedure that will have the option to effortlessly dissect the credits to aggregate the client verification techniques. (Hummer et al., 2016). Improvement of the Auditing Reporting With this, there has been union of the personality and the passwords to take a shot at how the certifications must be utilized. There have been the executives which can get to the information at the hour of the penetrate. The PingFederate helps in totally checking the sign on execution of the measurements, with the traffic and the consistence. There has been a nitty gritty rendition of the path which permit the client to deal with the provisioning alongside taking care of the terminations. OneLogin permits and help in running the point by point systematic reports for the clients, applications and the other login occasions. (Checkel, 2016). This permits the simple access to the client With this, there are IAM which are arrangement through the interconnected framework where the client has been agreeing to the bigger organizations with the globalized business design alongside giving the simple access to the representatives. The OneLogin is principally to deal with and take a shot at the venture electronic applications where there is a requirement for the a single tick access to the various applications and the passages assets with the portability the executives. Increment in Productivity Reduction of the IT costs With this, there have been SSO for the disposals of the costs which gives the clients an appropriate bolted mode for taking care of the application accounts. IAM chips away at the simple ID of the stores like the Active Director or the LDAP which helps in permitting of the expansion of the reviewing trails with the investigation and the entrance rules with the various arrangements to computerize the personality get to. (Tracker, 2015). There has been affirmation for the clients to pick up the advantages for the IAM and SSO. End IAM chips away at the protect of the portable, cloud and the social access alongside forestalling the progression of the insider dangers. The disentanglement is for the most part to deal with the joining procedure alongside appropriately taking care of the conveying of the activities for the personality knowledge. The significant spotlight has been on the bringing down of the organization exertion with the empowering of the achievement in business and the improvement in the operational proficiency with the elevated security. (Lilgendahl, 2015). IAM takes a shot at furnishing the between departmental computerization with the distinguished work process alongside keeping up the security just as other inspecting measures. The execution depends on working over the expanded operational efficiencies with the rearrangements in the administrative consistence alongside expanded fulfillment of the worker. Reference Khattak, Z.A. furthermore, Sulaiman, S., 2016, January. Unified Identity and Access Management and Trusted Computing-based Federated GRID Model for Federated GRID Resources. InProceedings of the International Conference on Security and Management (SAM)(p. 108). The Steering Committee of The World Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering and Applied Computing (WorldComp). Indu, I. furthermore, Anand, P.R., 2015, December. Character and access the board for cloud web administrations. In2015 IEEE Recent Advances in Intelligent Computational Systems (RAICS)(pp. 406-410). IEEE. Laitinen, L., 2016. Contextual analysis on character and access the executives in an EU level pharmaceutical organization. Marchiondo, L., Ran, S. what's more, Cortina, L., 2015. Present day segregation. InThe Oxford Handbook of Workplace Discrimination. Pathan, A.S.K. ed., 2016.Security of self-sorting out systems: MANET, WSN, WMN, VANET. CRC press. Kumar, S., Bettadapura, V.S. what's more, Shah, S.M., Citrix Systems, Inc., 2016.Access, need and transmission capacity the board dependent on application personality. U.S. Patent 9,240,945. Hummer, M., Kunz, M., Netter, M., Fuchs, L. what's more, Pernul, G., 2016. Versatile personality and access managementcontextual information put together policies.EURASIP Journal with respect to Information Security,2016(1), p.19. Lilgendahl, J.P., 2015. The Dynamic Role of Identity Processes in Personality Development. InThe Oxford handbook of personality advancement. Checkel, J., 2016. Provincial Identities and Communities. InThe Oxford Handbook of Comparative Regionalism. Tracker, A. what's more, Brewer, J.D., 2015. Planning multimethod research. InThe Oxford Handbook of Multimethod and Mixed Methods Research Inquiry.

Impact of Training on Employee Development

Effect of Training on Employee Development Presentation Employee preparing has become a significant angle in the advanced business world. Because of the expanded rivalry of clients and high net revenues, numerous associations have planned preparing plans for their representatives. Preparing is planned for creating representative abilities and knowledge.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Impact of Training on Employee Development explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is in this way connected with the accomplishment of organization’s objectives and subsequently benefits. Preparing upgrades authoritative turn of events and execution. Preparing alludes to the entire procedure of learning through which aptitudes are honed, information is procured, ideas are created, rules are explained, change of disposition is upgraded, and representative conduct is smoothed out with the point of improving worker execution. Representative advancement results from consistency being developed where worker s procure more abilities and information. The information procured through representative preparing empowers them to understand that they can perform better. Associations lead hands on preparing, and off-the-work preparing. Hands on type of preparing is done when representatives are prepared while they play out their appointed assignment. Then again, off-the-work preparing is finished by having representatives out of their work for at least one instructional courses. Representatives continue their work after the preparation. A large portion of the workers will acknowledge trainings that are planned for improving their abilities and vocation improvement. Valuation for representative preparing by both the administration and workers will upgrade its efficiency. Preparing programs that are esteemed by representatives upgrade their degree of fulfillment, inspiration, and promise to the association. The exhibition of workers will likewise improve with an expansion in instructional courses . In spite of the fact that there exist a discussion on whether worker preparing improves turnover or it builds duty, preparing is fundamental for representative turn of events. There are different effects of preparing on both the association and individual representatives. Since workers are the most significant publics of an association, their preparation ought to be organized by associations. With the above features on preparing, this report examines the effect of preparing on worker improvement. Expanded Employee Productivity/Performance Training improves representative advancement as in empowers them to execution better. As per Ameeq-ul-Ameeq (68), worker preparing is supposed to be viable when representative execution improves. As per the human capital hypothesis, fitting and appropriate preparing of workers empowers the association to yield high outcomes. High hierarchical efficiency must be accomplished when the presentation of individual representatives is expanded. It is th rough preparing that representatives get familiar with the significance of being progressively dynamic on their obligations or potentially to value the decent variety of the working environment.Advertising Looking for report on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Appreciation of work environment decent variety improves cooperation. Thus, the accomplishment of hierarchical objectives is upgraded. Preparing additionally upgrades worker certainty. Chiaburu and Tekleab (604) contend that legitimate and predictable preparing of representatives makes them increasingly sure and precise when playing out their obligations. Since trust in work upgrades capability, representatives become increasingly successful. Representatives who are all around prepared don't fear the danger of tear and wear, mistakes, and scrap. Certainty additionally helps the pace of yield per singular representative. Representatives are a dditionally prone to perform better with expanded preparing since they require less oversight and revision. A lot of time is lost as the directors and chiefs screen the lead of workers. Preparing improves execution particularly on new representatives, for example, new school graduates and workers who abandon one profession to another. Since new representatives have almost no viable experience on their occupations, they are probably going to cause wastage, scrap, and blunders. Such sorts of workers are additionally prone to build the pace of mishaps in an association. It is such negative events that make such representatives perform inadequately. Legitimate preparing is one that is directed after an intensive research is led on worker preparing needs. As per Chiaburu and Tekleab (609), examination of representatives preparing necessities will upgrade the targets of the preparation with the end goal that the preparation will improve the aptitudes required for the presentation of a spe cific assignment. Laborers figure out how to utilize certain innovation highlights to build their effectiveness. They figure out how to maintain a strategic distance from dangers and thus how to lessen wellbeing perils and non-attendance. The capacity to utilize certain machines empowers students to build their pace of creation and normalization of items. Increment in the quantity of days that representatives are in a specific activity upgrades their efficiency. Representatives are likewise presented to different circumstances and events during preparing. Through instruction and guidelines that representatives get in preparing, their experience is expanded. Subsequently, they become progressively beneficial and exact. Since representatives figure out how to diminish dangers as well as ensure themselves, it turns out to be very simple for them to stay solid and gainful. Sound representatives have elite levels. Associations experience low execution since certain abilities are not lear nt in school. Kennett (112) contends thatmost of the handy abilities must be accomplished through the hands on preparing. Preparing additionally improves representative responsibility. Consequently, they feel progressively appended to accomplish great outcomes for the association. Preparing upgrades Employee Relevancy in the Market and Career Growth The present universe of innovation has brought about quick changes in the activity markets. As indicated by Ameeq-ul-Ameeq (68), aptitudes that are important in the activity advertise today might be unimportant tomorrow. For instance, Ameeq-ul-Ameeq’s report found that a few years back, the typesetting machine was significant in the market.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Impact of Training on Employee Development explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, with the wide selection of PCs in the greater part of the establishments, the machine has gotten immaterial. Similarly, the individuals w ho used to work these machines have additionally had their administrations lacking pertinence in the market. It is out of these steady changes in the administration business that makes preparing significant. Kennett (112) contends that as innovation changes, laborers should likewise be prepared on new aptitudes required in the market. At work and off-the-work trainings target outfitting representatives with the present and important innovation. A portion of the workers in associations remain for a long time in the association without propelling their abilities. Indeed, the report found that the greater part of the workers in numerous associations despite everything utilize out of date abilities that they gained from school over 20 years prior. Items made by such representatives may keep on falling behind in the market. Since the greater part of the workers who are in their senior years are in administrative positions, their strategies for organization may bring about clashes with th e lesser representatives. Kennett (114) contends that a portion of the aptitudes that old chiefs and directors use are centered around creation instead of on workers. Preparing is subsequently critical to old representatives since it furnishes them with current abilities that cause them to stay pertinent in the market. Preparing empowers all representatives in an association to peruse from a similar book. When employees’ abilities and information are leveled, coordination in work execution is effectively accomplished. Old and new representatives gain the capacity to cooperate as a group. During the instructional meeting, the old workers and new alumni share their insight and abilities. Dissimilar perspectives on different techniques of execution are changed over into a typical understanding. Laborers that are incidentally prepared can invigorate their aptitudes. The report likewise found that a significant number of representatives working in associations have not gotten any preparation during their term of administration. Indeed, a portion of the workers had gone through over twenty years without accepting any boost preparing. Preparing of laborers empowers them to create on their past information and abilities. Chiaburu and Tekleab (604) state that blend of past information and aptitudes with present day abilities procured during normal preparing assists representatives with staying important and serious. The businesses are additionally searching for significant and ebb and flow abilities and information from the representatives that they employ. A representative who doesn't show duty in obtaining new aptitudes and additionally moving with time is probably going to lose importance in the work place. The report found that numerous organizations dropped a large portion of the representatives who filled in as office partners during the manual time. Be that as it may, the individuals who had gained preparing on PC aptitudes and applications were held. Occ upation structures and configuration are additionally changing with change in time. A bit of work that necessary five experts to complete is at present being finished by one individual and with lesser time.Advertising Searching for report on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More This objective has been accomplished through an amendment of preparing educational program and motorization. Workers who get reliable preparing from their associations can adjust their abilities to changes in the market. Advancement of professions is along these lines accomplished through preparing. Preparing empowers students to secure new information and aptitudes. In a large portion of the associations, work genius

Operabots with Personality

Operabots with Personality The fact of the matter is that MIT is just plain cool. This is not an opinion, this is a fact. Just as the sun rotates around the earth……errrr uhhhhh……you know what I’m trying to say. MIT is cool. One of the things that I did not know about MIT before I began working here is that the students here absolutely LOVE music. While 75% of students participated in the fine performing arts in high school, over 60% of accepted freshmen last year participated in music related activities before they enrolled at MIT. So for all of you who are looking to merge your talents in the arts with your passion for all things techie, look no further, you will be able to find a home here at MIT. Recently, Professor of Music and Media Tod Machover has been getting quite a bit of exposure for his research in music and his involvement with Hyperscore which is a piece of software that will allow anyone to compose music. Tod is a faculty member at the MIT Media Lab which is where the video game Rock Band was developed. The Media Lab is essentially an interdisciplinary research center where faculty and students from MIT work on cool projects. And yes, for all of you gamers out there, Guitar Hero, Guitar Hero II, Rock Band, Rock Band 2, Rock Band Unplugged, The Beatles: Rock Band all have been developed at Harmonix , a company founded by MIT alum who worked in the Media Lab. Check out his talk at TED.. Tod talks about the Operabots with Personality between the 8-9 minute mark. If you are still craving more, check out the 80-minute version at FORA, right here…. And if you are interested in the new The Beatles: Rock Band , you know where to find it…..Yes, click the link.

Nationalism and Sectionalism in America During the Late...

America was founded by multiple states, from different regions and subsequently different styles of life, which made the possibility of their union unstable and uncertain. But, because they were united by a common goal- to break free of Britain’s despotic sovereignty- the American colonies were able to win their independence from Britain and become the United States of America. This dichotomy between the states’ different styles of life and their shared goal laid the foundation for the forces of nationalism and sectionalism in the US. The two opposing forces worked hand-in-hand to manipulate Americans’ views of one another and the American political and economic systems, though the force of sectionalism outweighed the force of nationalism†¦show more content†¦However, the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War, increased sectionalism in the US because it did not resolve the impressment of American sailors, which was one of the main causes of the war. Overa ll, the War of 1812 was a huge proponent of nationalism in the US, and that nationalistic feeling carried over into the Era of Good Feelings, bringing about a shift in politics as well as Americans’ national identity. The Era of Good Feelings was a product of and contributed to the force of nationalism in America, characterized by many changes in America’s politics and internal affairs. The Federalist Party disintegrated because of the widespread criticism of the Hartford Convention during and after the War of 1812, making the Democratic-Republican Party the only political party. This meant that the old party animosities and tension would disappear, and there would be less political sectionalism in the government. The Democratic-Republicans underwent changes as well, like their party policies. The party became focused on obtaining a monopoly of government patronage, using fundraisers and events to gain support from the people. During this era, there was an increase in internal improvements, as seen with the American System, an economic plan that consisted of three parts. The first part was a tariff that would protect and promote American industry, known as the â€Å"Tariff of Abominationsà ¢â‚¬  by the Southern states, who were inconvenienced by the tariff. The

Social Media and Self Esteem - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 928 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Media Essay Did you like this example? The purpose of this paper is to further explore the connection between womens lower self esteem and social media. Studies show that from 2005-2018 there was a 69% increase in social media usage by women in the United States, from 4% of women using social media in 2005 to 73% of women in 2018 (Pew Research Center, 2018). The increased use of social media among women has been shown to lead to lower self esteem, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorders. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Social Media and Self Esteem" essay for you Create order This was in relation to the idealization of pictures seen on social media outlets. The focus on physical appearance could create a negative environment for peoples mental health and wellbeing due to the great importance that is assigned to womens bodies in American culture. (Deighton-Smith Bell, 2017). Self esteem is how a person views themselves in relation to their self worth and how much they like/approve of themselves. (general definition). The objectification theory proposes that womens repeated experiences of being seen as an object and scrutinized could eventually lead to women internalizing the views of others on their own bodies. (Fredrickson Roberts, 1997). This objectification can be done through both interpersonal interactions and through media representation. When women do internalize the third-persons view as their own it turns into self objectification. This then leads women to persistently monitor their physical appearance in order to match the ideals of this third-persons view. (Fredrickson Roberts, 1997)(Moradi Huang, 2008). Social media sites takes on the role of this third-person as the platform becomes a place for social comparison. As people browse through different profiles they compare themselves to the photos they see. (Vogel, Rose, Okdie, Eckles, Franz . 2015). People in general have a need to compare themselves to others in order to do many things like meet needs, make decisions and control their emotions. There are two ways people show this comparison and that is through either upward or downward comparisons. Upward comparison is when an individual compares themselves to someone superior than themselves and downward comparison is when they compare themselves to someone who they consider inferior. Both these comparisons can be either beneficial or negative. It is shown that upward comparison more often causes people to feel incompetent and develop a poor self view. (Vogel, Rose, Roberts, Eckles, 2014). Research has shown that people who make social comparisons on social media tend to report dissatisfaction, lower well being and overall view themselves farther away from their ideal selves. This can be seen in social media as we more often use upward comparison as we browse through the images. (Feinstein et al., 2013). A study done by Vogel , Rose, Roberts, and Eckles, showed that viewing social media profiles with attractive/ideal content/features, more frequently, was associated with poorer self esteem because of upwards social comparison. Since its possible that some people use social media to fulfill a sense of belongingness this upward social comparison could lead to lower self esteem because we arent in agreement with what we view and this overexposure could have increasing detrimental impacts on peoples well-being. The sociometer theory (Leary et al., 1995) proposes that we obtain our self-worth primarily through the feedback we receive from others and this could be seen as comments or likes on social media. (Vogel, Rose, Roberts, and Eckles, 2014). Women receive greater feedback on their physical appearance on social media platforms which in turn greater influences their body image. (de Vries, Peter, de Graaf, Nikken, 2016). Social media isnt like face to face interaction but rather a construction of the person best qualities. People selectively pick and choose what they want others to see. (Rosenberg Egbert, 2011). In a study done by Kleemans, Daalmans, Carbaat Anshutz, on manipulated Instagram pictures and their negative effect on female teenagers showed that exposure to manipulated instagram photos lead to lower body dissatisfaction in comparison to pictures that werent altered. This is in relation to lower self esteem because these altered pictures show unrealistic body standards. ( Kleemans, Daalmans, Carbaat Anschutz, 2016). As women experience this dissatisfaction with their body it can lead to feelings of depression and eating disorders. On instagram there is a great exposure to images of thin and fit inspiration and instead of encouraging a healthy lifestyle has been shown to decrease the psychological health of frequent viewers. (Tiggemann Zaccardo, 2016). In another study done by Sherlock Wagstaff, showed that excessive instagram use correlated with numerous psychosocial well-being outcomes such as depressive symptoms, anxiety, low self esteem, and body image disturbances. Overall, we see that due to the ability to fabricate ones ideal self on social media there poses a problem with the credibility the users give them. Creating this negative environment for women to compare themselves to. (2018). To conclude, we see that through self objectification of the women using social media we see the detrimental outcomes of upward comparisons. Social media is found to be associated with body dissatisfaction when the media outlet is used for physical comparisons. Social media outlets show to exert more pressure on women to look attractive and this results in greater influence in body image. To conform women take on different views of themselves which alters their personal view and affects their self esteem. Physical dissatisfaction could possibly lead to problems such as eating disorders, to meet thinness/fitness standards, and depression when they are unable to meet with their comparison. Given that social media is fairly new we have to continue to further study the possibilities of more outcomes and the role of peoples lives outside of social media. But, through this research we have found that for some women it impacts their mental health and physical well-being quite severely.

Mental Illness A Mental Health Problem - 778 Words

People with a mental illness are still people. When I say this, you probably think to yourself, â€Å"Well, isn’t that obvious?† But yet, when someone tells us they are feeling depressed, most people will say â€Å"It’s just a phase, get over it.† or â€Å"You’re feeling sad, just be happy.† They brush it off and ignore it, thinking that this person will be okay. When in reality, 1 in 4 people in England are dealing with a mental health issue, and only 1 in 8 are actually getting treatment for their illness. This means that nearly every household in England, every family, will know somebody dealing with a mental health problem. This could be anyone, from a father dealing with bipolar disorder, a mother with anxiety, or a son or daughter dealing with an eating disorder. Just imagine being a single father struggling with depression because his wife had passed away giving birth to his child. This father, doesn’t want to address his problem with his family because he is afraid that they will not think that he is strong enough to be able to take care of his child. Afraid somebody will take away the last hope that he has to be happy. The father keeps his feelings on the inside, faking confidence to get by and stay strong, always trying to be the perfect role model for his child. But in the back of his mind always thinking that he will never be able to be the best father for his child. This depression weighs him down more and more every day, like anchors weighing down a ship. He feels like hisShow MoreRelatedHealth Problem: Mental Illness Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesMental Illness – Anxiety Attacks Mental illness is a health problem that influences how an individual thinks, interacts and behaves with others. It affects one in five Australians at some point of their lives. 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Wheelchair Propulsion In Persons Paraplegia -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Wheelchair Propulsion In Persons Paraplegia? Answer: Introduction While I was working as physiotherapist in a multidisciplinary unit, I came across of patient who was vouching to avail motorised wheel chair in order to aid swift movement in accomplishing the daily activities. He was complaining to sudden knee accident and his difficulty in walking. Following details of his pathological condition and verifying the same, the I as a physiotherapist along with the occupational therapists confirmed the requirement of the wheel chair and the registered nurse in that unit, proceeded with the quotation for wheel chair. Upon arrival of the wheel chair, me and the occupational therapists helped the patients to get accustomed with the new vehicle. However, few days after the patient was released, when I was discussing the case with another health care professionals (orthopaedic of another multidisciplinary team), he informed me that those wheel chairs can be availed for free as government specifically fund for them. Feelings Upon seeing the patient, the first thought that came into my mind is what the reason behind his requirement of wheel chair is. Another thought that crossed my mind that what kind of injuries n his knees provoked him to use wheel chair. The feelings which run through my mind were why person is vouching for motorised wheel chair and not the hand cycling wheel chair. management, I was aware that hand-cycling wheel chair may cause should muscle strains and hence scores less in comparison to motorised wheel chair. I was happy when the patient was gradually getting accustomed with the motorised wheel chair navigation under the controlled observation of my physiotherapy and assistance from the occupational therapists and nurse. I also assisted the patient in helping to control the navigation unit of wheel chair. However, when I was enlightened by another health care professionals that such wheel chair are sponsored by government and can be availed for free, I got extremely depressed for the patient. I thought it was negligence from my end that cost the patients a huge sum of money. Evaluation The main good thing about the event I learnt how a physiotherapist can work in unison with an occupational therapists and a nurse to deliver quality care to the patient who is suffering from knee injury and is required to avail a wheel chair. The skills used by the occupational therapists and nurse helped me learn proper accommodation of the mobility needs to people with disabilities apart from the restriction coming from the muscle spasm. Another thing that got well with this case study is, I learnt that relief in joint pain help in improve the physical function and quality of life. I also get a detailed overview of the how exercise, orthotics, patellar taping, joint protection education and assistive devices help a patient to attain health and well-being. However, in the midst of all this, I felt extremely sorry for the patient as negligence from our end has cost the patients a huge sum of money. If we had consulted with other health care professionals then this loss might have bee n avoided. This again goes with the ethical and professional code of conduct of physiotherapists of Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, that states that a physiotherapists must derive knowledge from, with and about the patients and relevant other. Analysis After experiencing this event, the main learning outcome from my end is the importance of the multidisciplinary team in providing comprehensive care. According to Mitchell, Tieman and Shelby-James (2008), multidisciplinary team is crucial to deliver comprehensive care. I also learnt that a registered physiotherapists must be trained enough to indulge in a collaborative, inclusive, culturally responsive and client oriented model of practice. This is a kind of care procured by a wide range of professionals functioning as a single team under one organizational umbrella or via professionals from different organizations. Moreover, I also analyzed that since the patients conditions changes over time, the composition of the team may also change in order to reflect the changing clinical and psychosocial needs of the patient. Ndoro (2014) further opined that a multidisciplinary team may be such that there exist trust between the team members so that it may deliver best mix of skills. If we ha d am enrich or vast multi-disciplinary team or have discussed this issue with other health care professionals from other organization, we might not have missed this important information. According to New South Wales Government (NSW) of Health, a multidisciplinary team must contain a rich group of general practitioners, practice nurse, community health nurse, allied health professionals and health educators. The same incidence also enlightened me about the policies of government of Australia in relation to people with disability. Conclusion Thus from my above reflection, I would like to conclude that all the health care professionals must work in sync and must also promote exchange of knowledge in order to promote comprehensives care to the patients. Action Plan My action plan for the future will mostly be based on the professional code of conduct of physiotherapists in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. According to this professional code of conduct, a physiotherapist must work both collaboratively and autonomously with the patients and the significant others. The approach of providing care will be such that it acknowledges the dignity of the client while respecting the clients culture and rights. The professional code of conduct also put immense emphasis of shared decision-making while providing quality care to the patient (Physiotherapy practice thresholds in Australia Aotearoa New Zealand, 2015). I will try to practise this code of conduct ingeniously as abiding by the same will help me side-pass mistakes that I have committed in this case. I will also respect my patients opinion in case of drafting the action plan. However, if the client refuses to avail the best possible care, I will not forcefully impose my decision on him but will facilitate effective discussion towards the process of negotiation of the therapy plan. This again goes with the ethical code of conduct of physiotherapists. Under the banner of effectiveness discussion marketing procedure, I will try to educate the patient about the importance of the therapy while monitoring his or her response to that therapy. I will also try to effectively address the barriers in order to promote effective professional collaboration so that this kind of knowledge gap situations can easily be avoided. In order to promote the between functioning of the multidisciplinary team, I will try to maintain good working relationships with both the clients and other members of the multidisciplinary team. This healthy relationship will help me to indulge in knowledge sharing and will make me more comfortable in seeking guidance of professional support or assistance in situations which are beyond my expertise or when the positive outcome of physiotherapy is not as expected. Ma intenance of healthy relationship will also help me to acknowledge and respect the roles of others delivering care and services to the patients. I will also act towards the promotion of client-centred interprofessional team that will place clients interest at the principal position of the care plan while recognising and eliminating the barriers towards optimal implementation of the care plan. References Arnet, U., van Drongelen, S., Scheel-Sailer, A., van der Woude, L. H., Veeger, D. H. (2012). Shoulder load during synchronous handcycling and handrim wheelchair propulsion in persons with paraplegia.Journal of rehabilitation medicine,44(3), 222-228. Best, K. L., Miller, W. C., Routhier, F. (2015). A description of manual wheelchair skills training curriculum in entry-to-practice occupational and physical therapy programs in Canada.Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive psychology,10(5), 401-406. Mikolajewska, E. (2012). The most common problems in wheelchair selectionown observations.Journal of Health Sciences,2(1), 089-093. Mitchell, G. K., Tieman, J. J., Shelby-James, T. M. (2008). Multidisciplinary care planning and teamwork in primary care.Medical Journal of Australia,188(8), S61. Multidisciplinary Team Care - HealthOne NSW. (2017).Health.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 5 February 2018, from https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/healthone/Pages/multidisciplinary-team-care.aspx Ndoro, S. (2014). Effective multidisciplinary working: the key to high-quality care.British Journal of Nursing,23(13), 724-727. People with disability | australia.gov.au. (2017).Australia.gov.au. Retrieved 5 February 2018, from https://www.australia.gov.au/information-and-services/benefits-and-payments/people-with-disability Physiotherapy practice thresholds in Australia Aotearoa New Zealand. (2015) (1st ed.). New Zealand. Retrieved from https://www.physioboard.org.nz/sites/default/files/PhysiotherapyPractice%20Thresholds3.5.16.pdf

Mise-En-Scene in the Matrix free essay sample

Although the average viewer is rarely conscious of it, mise-en-scene is both a powerful and important cinematic technique in film. Mise-en-scene allows the director to guide the viewer s attention to what they should be looking at so that important details are not missed and trivial details are not focused on. Many effective elements of mise-en-scene are illustrated in the white room scene in The Matrix, in which directors Andy and Larry Wachowski use only minimal setting, costume, and staging in a very effective way. Quite often, film scenes are filled with a variety of props and have rich, textured backgrounds. This scene, in contrast, is played out in an empty, white room with minimal props; two chairs, a television, a table, and a remote control. The television looks like an old set from the nineteen-sixties, perfectly normal except for the fact that there are no wires coming out the back. We will write a custom essay sample on Mise-En-Scene in the Matrix or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The old, Victorian red leather chairs have wooden faces carved into the ends of the arms. The props are placed symmetrically in a small part of the white space. The chairs are on either side of the television with the small table sitting between them. The Wachowski brothers rely on a limited palette of colours in their setting; the dark reds and browns of the set pieces create a startling contrast with the stark white background. The background plays with the viewer s sense of depth, as well. The television is in the foreground with the table and chairs behind it, but with no horizon line it is impossible to tell where the space ends, if it ends at all. It also provides a contrast to the next scene, in which the same props and characters are dropped into the present-day earth, with a grey and black background. This contrast corresponds with the theme of illusion versus reality in the film. Despite it s sparseness, the setting makes a significant contribution to the mise-en-scene. Another important element of mise-en-scene is costume. Neo is dressed entirely in black while Morpheus is wearing an expensive black suit with a green tie. The green is part of a motif in the film. Green is used heavily in early scenes to represent the artificiality of the world; the matrix code is written in green. Morpheus tie is a reminder of the artifice of their world. Morpheus is also wearing a pair of sunglasses with mirrored lenses. When Morpheus and Neo are talking, Neo s reflection can be seen in Morpheus sunglasses. The dark costumes, like the props, stand in contrast with the white background. They also blend in when they are dropped in present-day earth, although like the props, they look incredibly out of place in the drab, dead surroundings. The staging of the actors also has an effect on mise-en-scene. When Neo enters the alternate world he is standing completely alone until he swings around to find Morpheus standing far behind him. For the majority of the scene Neo and Morpheus are standing incredibly far apart, with one character in the foreground, while the other is in deep space. Morpheus is often seen standing at the far end of the shot while there is no one standing where you would expect Neo to be. This plays with the symmetry of the scene. When Neo finally does enter the space they are standing at opposite ends of the shot. The staging of the scene is clearly meant to reinforce the distance between the two characters, particularly Neo s uneasiness towards Morpheus. Mise-en-scene is essential to any film. In the white room scene in The Matrix, the stark white background, anachronistic setting, and green and black costumes reinforce the emptiness and artificiality of the matrix, while the distance in the staging of Neo and Morpheus underlines Neo s reluctance to trust and believe in Morpheus. Working together, the setting, costume, and staging demonstrate that even the most minimal mise-en-scene can create a powerful effect.

Definition and Examples of Reflected Meaning

Definition and Examples of Reflected Meaning In semantics, reflected meaning is a  phenomenon whereby a single word or phrase is associated with more than one  sense or meaning. It is also known as  coloring and contagion.   The term reflected meaning was coined by linguist Geoffrey Leech, who defined it  as the meaning which arises in cases of multiple conceptual meaning when one sense of a word forms part of our response to another sense. . . . One sense of a word seems to rub off on another sense (Semantics: The Study of Meaning, 1974). When comedians use reflected meaning in their jokes its an example of wordplay. The joke is usually funny because it uses a word that is technically correct for the situation but that will elicit a different often opposite image in the mind of the listener.   Examples and Observations In the case of reflected meaning, more than one meaning surfaces at the same time, so there is a kind of ambiguity. It is as if one or more unintended meanings were inevitably thrown back rather like light or sound reflected on a surface. For instance, if I use the medical expression chronic bronchitis, it is difficult for the more colloquial emotive meaning of chronic, bad, not to intrude as well. . . . Sometimes, such coincidental, unwanted meanings cause us to change a lexical item for another. Thus, if I think that dear in my dear old car may be misinterpreted as meaning expensive, I can substitute lovely and eliminate the potential ambiguity. . . .Reflected meaning may be used deliberately. Newspaper headlines exploit it all the time: DISASTER TANKER ADRIFT IN A SEA OF BAFFLING QUESTIONSTHE ZAMBIAN OIL INDUSTRY: NOT JUST A PIPE DREAM Naturally the success of such word play will depend on the standard of education, linguistic experience or mental agility of the readership. From  Introductory Semantics and Pragmatics for Spanish Learners of English  by Brian Mott Intercourse Perhaps a more everyday example [of reflected meaning] is intercourse, which by reason of its frequent collocation with sexual tends now to be avoided in other contexts. From  Translation, Linguistics, Culture: A French-English Handbook  by Nigel Armstrong    Reflected Meanings of Product Names [S]uggestive [ trademarks] are marks that call to mindor suggestan association related to the product they name. They imply strength or softness or freshness or flavor, depending on the product; they are subtle marks, created by marketers and ad people who are very skilled at making artful associations. Think of TORO lawn mowers, DOWNY fabric softener, IRISH SPRING deodorant soap, and ZESTA saltine crackers. None of these marks is obvious, but we perceive nonetheless the strength of TORO lawn mowers, the softness DOWNY fabric softener imparts to laundry, the fresh scent of IRISH SPRING soap, and the zesty taste of ZESTA saltines. From The Trademark Guide by  Lee Wilson The Lighter Side of Reflected Meaning A [baseball] player with an unfortunate name was pitcher Bob Blewett. He pitched five games for New York during the 1902 season. Blewett lost both of his decisions and gave up 39 hits in only 28 innings. From  Baseballs Most Wanted II  by Floyd Conner

Construction Industry in Sultanate of Oman Essay

Construction Industry in Sultanate of Oman - Essay Example The country’s many construction projects include the tourism projects, private and public commercial buildings. Economic report shows that the industry grew from RO 349 Million in the year 2006 to RO 470.7 million in 2007(Oxford Business Group 2007: 110). It is expected that the industry will continue to grow because of government support. The industry plays a great part in the economy of the country. Apart from the revenue generated by the industry, it has improved the living standards of many individuals by creating employment. The nature of construction varies according to the projects. For instance, construction activities include building infrastructure that support different modes of transport such as railways, sea and air. The nature of construction also includes the real estates. The construction processes involves three parties who are the contractors, consultants, and clients. A contractor is the person who plans and coordinates all the activities in construction sites. His role entails ensuring that projects are completed within the specific time frame and budget. They also ensure that construction activities are aligned with the country’s regulations. Consultants are those who analyze and give recommendations regarding construction issues while clients are owners of the building. They choose contractors and consultants to help with the construction. They also ensure that there are enough resources to complete the projects based on the advice of consultants (Oxford Business Group 2007: 110). The construction industry in Oman is highly growing because of the government support. However, the country has a very low labor power. This is because of the low population in the area compared to the number of construction projects. The country only has a population of 2.8 million individuals (Pitcher 2014: 1). The labor issue is especially affecting the private construction firms. Apart from the small

Slavery's Destructive Effect on Women Research Paper

Slavery's Destructive Effect on Women - Research Paper Example In a slave system, all suffer. Perhaps the saddest of all, it is the women who suffered the most. Slavery dehumanized black women by robbing them of the ability to fulfill their basic human needs and instincts. This paper will discuss the horrors and injustices that slave women were forced to deal with on a regular basis. Linda Brent narrates her own story as a woman who experienced slavery. Her personal story of slave life features the  embarrassment, sacrifice, and effort specific to women slaves of the nineteenth century. According to Jacobs, slavery is  awful  for men; however, it is particularly  awful  for women (2001)1. Because of slavery, families  were broken  apart. Linda had shined in  fundamental  reading and writing. This drew the attention of her master, Dr. Flint. Linda was only fifteen when her  master  started chasing her. In  revulsion  she  constantly  declined and avoided him. The representation of Flint shows the  unkind  control   character  of many southern slave proprietors, and as such, tells the  time  of a slave girl to  control  emotional and  bodily  suffering  that was plainly different from the  life  of her  typical  male equivalent. ... Sands in anticipation of him buying her independence demonstrates what disturbing limits she  was pressed  to in their life.  She  freely  surrendered her body to a man for an opportunity to be set free from oppression, and for the  expectation  that one day she  possibly  will  raise  her children without slavery (Jacobs, 2001)1.Her deeds were most  dignified  and  unselfish  in  character, but the  delivery  of her first and subsequent children  consequently  enslaved her to the needs of Dr. Flint, who might have used her children against her if she failed to comply. Her  primary  wish  was to escape with her two brothers, but she also had to think of the outcomes that her children might face because of her disobedience. According to Hine D, Hine H, and Harold, women were tortured by the slave owners, but they became enlightened and organized themselves to find a way of getting their freedom (2011)2. This was during the time in sixteent h-century Africa, when the antislavery progress and making black community organizations could be appealing to any person  concerned  with the in detail  examination  of African-American  record  as it connects to the United States  record. The mixing of the well-known and the  indefinite, male and female, North and South, slave and liberated, gives a textile that unites the fear and the  victory  of the African-American  occurrence  which assisted them to  move  away from the anguish to 2 a  position  of  curative  hope (Hine and Hine, 2011)2.The confidence  beginning  for so much of the African American  victory  might  have been covered  further  at length. Women lived with double  trouble  of  discrimination  and chauvinism, slave women in the  agricultural  estate  South presumed responsibilities in

Current Diagnostic Methods for Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Current Diagnostic Methods for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Abstract: Detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is essential for diagnosis and monitoring of the infection. There are several different types of diagnostic tools available that are based on detection of HIV-specific antibodies, virus antigen, or nucleic acid. Sensitivities and specificities of assays utilized for HIV detection have improved. Newer HIV testing technologies such as third-generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA) which detect HIV-specific IgG and IgM antibodies, fourth-generation EIA which detect both anti-HIV antibodies and HIV p24 antigen, and nucleic acid-based tests (NATs) for HIV RNA, have significantly decreased the window period. This review study provides an overview of current technologies for the detection and monitoring of HIV infection and recent advances in the field of HIV diagnosis. Keywords: HIV diagnosis; HIV antibody test; human immunodeficiency virus; Immunoassay; Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Introduction: Diagnosis of HIV infection contributes to evaluating the progression of disease, monitoring the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. The diagnosis of HIV is associated with decrease in risky behaviors, reduced HIV transmission, and improved survival linked to increased case detection, earlier care and treatment. HIV-negative persons can also protect themselves from HIV when making sexual decisions by engaging in safer sex behaviors and sometimes, taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Early diagnosis of HIV infection provides an opportunity for risk reduction counseling and preventing further transmission of the disease, while late diagnosis of HIV infection is detrimental to infected patients and to the public health, and is associated with an increased rate of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Since the start of the epidemic, it is estimated that 78 million people have become infected with HIV and 35 million people have died from AIDS-related illnesses. In 2015, 2.1 million people became newly infected, 36.7 million people were living with HIV and 1.1 million people died from AIDS-related illnesses. New HIV infections have fallen by 6% since 2010. Sub-Saharan Africa, which bears the heaviest burden of HIV/AIDS worldwide, accounts for 65% of all new HIV infections. Other regions significantly affected by HIV/AIDS include Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Eastern Europe and Central Asia (Table 1) [9]. The present study aims to conduct a narrative review to summarize and discuss the current diagnostic methods for HIV and recent developments. We start with a brief overview of HIV infection, follow by a description on the development of virological and immunological markers following HIV infection. Thereafter, we introduce current algorithms for laboratory HIV testing with different kind of current diagnostics techniques including various generations of enzyme immunoassays, rapid or point-of-care tests, and qualitative/quantitative PCR assays. Overview of HIV Infection: HIV-1 causes chronic infection which is usually characterized by progressive immune deficiency, a long period of clinical latency, and appearance of opportunistic infections [1, 2]. Characteristics of HIV include infection and viral replication in T lymphocyte expressing CD4 antigen. Qualitative defects in CD4 cell response and a gradual decline in their numbers increase the risk of opportunistic infections like Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and neoplasms such as Kaposis sarcoma and lymphoma [3-5]. HIV infection can disrupt functions of blood monocytes, tissue macrophages, and B lymphocytes, and also increase the potential of encapsulated bacteria for developing infections [6, 7]. Direct invasion of CD4 cells in the peripheral and central nervous systems can cause meningitis, peripheral neuropathy, and dementia [8]. The prognosis is variable between people infected with HIV-1. In adults, the average time between HIV exposure to AIDS stage is 10-11 years, but a remarkable proportion of individuals (~20%) progresses rapidly to AIDS within 5 years after HIV exposure. On the other hand, it is estimated that 12% of infected individuals will remain free of AIDS for 20 years [10]. Prophylaxis and in particular antiretroviral therapy (ART) significantly enhanced the overall prognosis of HIV disease against opportunistic infections [11]. The most common route of HIV infection is sexual transmission at the genital mucosa via direct contact with infected body fluids, such as blood, semen, and vaginal secretions. Infection may also occur via inoculation of infected blood, transfusion of infected blood products, transplantation of infected tissues, from an infected mother to her infant during pregnancy, or by reuse of contaminated needles [12]. The probability of transmission after a single exposure with an uncontrolled HIV source has been estimated to be 1/150 with needle sharing, 1/300 with occupational percutaneous exposure, 1/300-1/1000 with receptive anal intercourse, 1/500-1/1250 with receptive vaginal intercourse, 1/1000-1/3000 with insertive vaginal intercourse, and 1/3000 with insertive anal intercourse. The average risk is 12-50% for congenital (mother-to-child) transmission, 12% for breast-feeding, 90% for a contaminated blood transfusion, and 0.1-1.0% for nosocomial transmission [13]. The risk of HIV transmission during early or acute HIV infection appears to be greater than during chronic infection (251). Available data suggest that the viral load is an important predictor of the risk of heterosexual transmission, and patients with levels less than 1500 copies of HIV-1 RNA per milliliter are at lower risk of HIV transmission, whereas the probability of transmission is increased dramatically with increasing vira l loads (250). Laboratory markers for HIV-1 infection: Several immunological and virological blood markers can be monitored during the course of HIV infection. These markers appear highly consistent between different individuals in a chronological order and allows classification of HIV infection into distinct laboratory stages including eclipse period, seroconversion window period, acute HIV infection, and established HIV infection (Figure 1) [14, 15]. Shortly after exposure to HIV-1, no viral markers are consistently detectable in plasma, but low levels of HIV-1 RNA can be found intermittently [16]. This period is called the eclipse phase. About 10 days after infection, HIV-1 RNA becomes detectable by NAT in plasma and quantities rise to very high levels [17], which subsequently decline rapidly until reaching a set point, a stable level that may persist for years. This stable level of HIV RNA represents an equilibrium between HIV and host immune responses and is an important indicator of subsequent disease progression, and potential transmission of HIV. It has been shown that the higher HIV-1 RNA plasma level is associated with faster progression to AIDS [18]. The set point plasma HIV-1 RNA level can be a helpful clinical tool for determining the timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected patients. For instance, patients with high set point levels can be started on aggressive antiretroviral therapy and patient s with low set point levels can be monitored without initiating therapy [19]. HIV-1 p24 antigen is expressed and quantities rise to levels that can be measured by fourth-generation immunoassays within 17 days after infection (typical range 13-28 days) [15, 20]. Due to high titers of p24 antigen present in the sera of acutely infected patients during the interval prior to seroconversion, p24 Ag assay can be utilized to diagnose the primary HIV-1 infection [21]. Nevertheless, detection of p24 antigen is transient because, as antibodies begin to develop, they bind to the p24 antigen and form immune complexes that interfere with p24 Ag assay [22, 23]. The time interval between infection with HIV and the first detection of antibodies is known as the serological window period. The detection of HIV-specific antibodies indicates the end of the window period and the individual is known as seropositive [24]. The length of the window period depends on the design and the sensitivity of the immunoassay. Expression of IgM antibodies can be detected by immunoassays within 10 to 13 days after the appearance of viral RNA, 3 to 5 days after detection of p24 antigen, and peak between the 4th and the 5th week [15, 20, 25, 26]. Thereafter, the emergence of IgG antibodies occurs at about 3-4 weeks after infection and persist throughout the course of HIV infection [21]. Nevertheless, the immune responses are highly dependent on the ability of the individuals immune system to produce the antibodies. Approximately, 50% of patients within 3-4 weeks and about 100% of them within 6 months have detectable antibodies, although there are reports indicating that a small percentage of patients may require up to 6 months for the appearance of antibodies [27]. Laboratory HIV testing algorithms: Since 1989, the diagnostic algorithm for HIV testing recommended by CDC and the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) relied on the confirmation of a repeatedly reactive HIV immunoassay with the more specific HIV-1 antibody test, either the HIV-1 Western blot or HIV-1 indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The Western blot was previously considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of HIV infection by Clinicians [29, 30]. It should be noted that both the Western blot and IFA are first-generation assays that detect only IgG antibodies against HIV proteins. Retrospective testing of specimens from high-risk individuals pointed that antibody testing alone may miss a significant percentage of HIV infections detectable by virologic tests such as HIV antigen and nucleic acid assays. In 2013, the CDC and the APHL released new guidelines on HIV testing that have led to the earlier diagnosis of HIV infection when compared with the previous diagnostic algorithm. The new recommended algorithm starts with a fourth-generation HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab immunoassay to screen for HIV infection that detects both HIV-1/2 antibodies and the HIV-1 antigen. When the result of initial immunoassay is nonreactive, further testing is not required for samples. Instead, testing with an HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation test is needed when the sample is reactive on the screening fourth-generation assay. Reactive results with the initial fourth-generation assay and the HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunoassay should be considered as reactive for HIV-1 antibodies, HIV-2 antibodies, or HIV antibodies, undifferentiated. Reactive results with the initial fourth-generation assay and nonreactive or indeterminate on the HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunoassay should be tested with an FDA-approved HIV-1 NAT to differentiate early HIV infection from a false-positive screening result [28] (Figure 2). HIV diagnostic tests: Serological diagnostic assays: Enzyme Immunoassays (EIA):Significant advances in the development of HIV immunoassays have been created since the discovery of HIV in 1983. Based on different design principles, HIV immunoassays are generally classified into generations. The earliest immunoassays (first-generation) are indirect EIAs that used coated viral lysate antigens derived from cell culture on a solid phase for antibody capture and an indirect format that detected antibody utilizing an enzyme-conjugated antihuman IgG [36]. Antibody can be detected within 8-10 weeks postinfection by first generation immunoassay. These assays have 99% sensitivity and 95-98% specificity for HIV infection. Second-generation immunoassays use synthetic peptide or recombinant protein antigens alone or in combination with viral lysates to bind HIV antibodies, and they use an indirect immunoassay format that employs conjugated antihuman IgG, which binds to IgG with high affinity, to detect IgG antibodies [37]. Utilizing recombinant anti gens in the second-generation assays improves sensitivity for HIV-1, HIV-1 group O, and HIV-2, allowing earlier detection of IgG antibodies. The sensitivity and specificity of second-generation assays have been reported to be ˃99.5% and ˃99%, respectively. First and second generation immunoassays can only detect IgG antibody to HIV. The window period was decreased to 4 to 6 weeks postinfection by second-generation assays. Third generation immunoassays also utilize synthetic peptide or recombinant antigens to bind HIV antibodies, but in an immunometric antigen sandwich format; HIV antibodies in the specimen bind to HIV antigens on the assay substrate and to antigens conjugated to indicator molecules. This allows detection of both IgM and IgG antibodies which leads to increase in sensitivity and specificity of the test. Lower sample dilutions and the ability to detect IgM antibodies (which are expressed before IgG antibodies) further decrease the window period to 2-3 weeks postinfection [38]. The reported sensitivity and specificity of third-generation assays is ˃99.5%. Combination or fourth-generation tests use synthetic peptide or recombinant protein antigens in the same antigen sandwich format as third-generation assays for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies, and also monoclonal antibodies for the detection of p24 antigen [39]. Inclusion of p24 antigen capture allows the detection of HIV-1 infection before seroconversion and further decreases the window period. Most fourth-generation antigen/antibody immunoassays (termed combo assays) do not distinguish antibody reactivity from antigen reactivity [39]. Recent published data has shown that the fourth-generation assay was able to establish HIV infection in more than 80% of patients who tested NAAT positive but either nonreactive or indeterminate by other tests like Western blot, first to third generation immunoassays, and rapid tests [40-42]. Delaney et al. found that the fourth-generation immunoassay are able to detect HIV infection 1-3 weeks earlier than the first, second, and third generation immunoassay which cannot detect p24 antigen. The results of their study revealed that the median duration of the eclipse period was 11.5 days and 99% of specimens from HIV-infected patients could be reactive with Ag/Ab combination tests within 45 days of exposure. Moreover, for detection of antibodies by the IgG/IgM-sensitive and other plasma screening assays, 50 days or longer were required and after 3 month of exposure, infection could be detected by all tests. Several studies have reported sensitivities of 100% for fourth-generation immunoassay, whereas other surveys reported transient sensitivities range from 62-89% when assessed against HIV RNA assays. This decreased sensitivity can be attributed to the presence of a second diagnostic window. This situation is rare but it can happen. Second diagnostic window period lies between the p24 antigen detection and the anti-HIV antibody detection, and is associated with reduction in the p24 antigen and antigen/antibody complexes levels, as well as a delay in HIV-specific antibody development which totally may affect the sensitivity of fourth-generation immunoassays. So, it is possible that many acute HIV infections have been missed using fourth-generation assays. Despite negative results from a fourth-generation immunoassay in high-risk populations with suspected acute HIV infection, it is needed to repeat the test on new blood samples obtained several days later, as well as testing for HIV anti body alone, p24 antigen or use of an HIV RNA assay. In 2015, an improved version of immunoassay, BioPlex 2200 HIV Ag-Ab screening test system, received FDA approval in HIV screening which detects both HIV antibody and the HIV-1 p24 antigen by providing separate results for each analyte. This test also provides separate results for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies, so there is no need for a HIV-1/2 differentiation assay for antibody reactive samples. It was reported that the sensitivity and specificity of BioPlex 2200 HIV Ag-Ab assay were 100 and 99.5%, respectively [43]. HIV Confirmatory Tests:Screening tests must be highly sensitive to produce few false-negative results, whereas confirmatory assays are characterized with high specificity to produce few false-positive results [44]. If the result of a screening test is repeatedly reactive, this has to be confirmed by (at least) one confirmatory assay. Western blot or indirect IFA traditionally have been employed as confirmatory assay due to their higher specificity. The probability that both ELISA and Western blot would give false-positive results is extremely low (

Scuba Diving Essay -- Art

Scuba diving is a sport in which you can lose yourself to the beauty of the underwater world and escape gravity for a short time. You can wander among kelp forests or swim with sleek noble sharks. You can find a fortune in Spanish ducats or lose yourself in the beauty of the underwater realm. Some may say though that diving is an extreme sport and that it is too risky for anyone, it's just for the wild hooligans. Scuba Diving is a safe and enjoyable hobby despite the small risk involved. Haven't you ever wondered what it was like to swim with the fish? Or see why all of those people would want to were all that funny looking gear and go under the water? The going below the water is little like being above the water. While underwater there are forces and laws that dictate how your body will respond to being under so much pressure. The first rule regarding the pressure water puts on the air spaces in your body is Boyles Law. It says that as the pressure increases on a given mass of gas the volume will decrease. This rule explains the popping sensation you fell when you go up in an air plain and the squeeze you feel as you go under water (The Skin Divers Bible 37, 41). Another law is Dalton's law of partial Pressure. It says that pressure of mixed gasses is equal to the pressure exerted by the individual gas. So if a mixture of gas is say 5% carbon dioxide then it would account for 5% of the total pressure of the gas, because of this law the concentration of harmful gasses must be less when you are under water otherwise you can be poisoned or experience the effects of the gas that would only occur at a higher concentrati! on at sea lev el (47). And the last major law that governs you while underwater is Henry's law. It simply s... ...eatures feel like they are being attack they will usually fight back with painful and even deadly consequences (PADI Adventures 208-211). With all the mystic surrounding the sport of scuba diving many people would never dream about taking a class to get certified, and those people don't know what they are missing. Those people that would never consider diving most likely have only seen the dangers and risks of diving, but they have never really looked into the safety precaution and quality of the instruction needed to go diving. I hope that anyone who had previously decided against Scuba diving reconsider their choice, because they are missing out on some awe inspiring views and spectacular adventures. If you do nothing else in your lifetime at least take an introductory class to Scuba diving. It may just show you how safe and enjoyable the sport actually is.

Prenuptial Agreement

What to do/say to make her willing for signing the prenup The easiest way to convince your girlfriend to sign is by making it clear that it's to protect both of you, not just you. And make sure to explain that you in no way expect to get a divorce in the future. Don't lead her to believe that you're planning your exit strategy. Explain that this is simply a â€Å"just in case† plan. It's a good idea to bring up the prenup issue early on in the relationship, and definitely before getting engaged, in order to gauge her feelings about the issue. Ask her what she knows about prenups. Make her understand that it's not you against her; you both have input when it comes to the contract. Make her understand that it's not about her getting nothing if you part ways. Don't leave her with doubts. Ask her to be logical about the situation. Although this will likely be difficult for her (it is for most women), if she really cares for you, she'll put forth the effort. You can include a clause about cheating, if she begins to question your fidelity. Keep in mind that if you agree to do this, then she should have no problem attesting that she'll remain faithful as well. Ask her to get legal advice she will eventually see the benefits of a prenup on her own. Tell her you love her, and that this is just for insurance. Read more: http://www.askmen.com/money/how_to_150/190_how_to.html#ixzz2XN57hR2j

Ethics Reflection Paper - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1046 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Ethics Reflection Paper Lourdes Munoz STR/581 Strategic Planning Implementation September 2nd, 2010 Gary Solomon Abstract Ethics and Social responsibility resides in an important set of our own personal values. When it comes to Business matter and operation the customer must feel confidence and this has been taken for granted several times on recent corporate scandals and collapses, a perfect example of missed conducted ethic and responsibility is Enron. Is extremely important for companies to incorporate ethics and responsibilities to their strategic planning. Strategic planning using ethics and responsibility corresponds to company who are engaged with customer face to face or their involvement is not physical or direct, developing a relationship with their clients. On this paper analyzes the ethics and social responsibility, how these applies to a company stakeholders and strategy planning. The paper will also develop on the perspective and evolvement of personal ethics throughout the master degree. The Role Of Ethics and Social Responsibility in Strategic Planning Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethics Reflection Paper" essay for you Create order In order to be successful, companies must contemplate on what ethics and social responsibility may the business should take critical part. On the strategic planning the ethical responsibility and social responsibility must imply profit decisions to receive a maximum benefits in other words is a success if these roles are incorporated. Within the business perspective, businesses are likely to have high-quality ethical values and act of socially responsibility. Ethics is not just talking about the right thing is actually doing what is right. The Role of Ethics The values of ethics reinforce the companies mission, visions and goals building a direction and a framework. The ethics of a company can be use as a guideline to create a truss to the entire organization into one general loop, managing the action of the organizations employees, and avoiding differences the strategic plan designed. The values of Ethics responsibility makes sure that the strategic plan is prepared basically for the best interest of the stakeholders, weather the employees or customers or even vendors may operate. What is ethics? According to authors Andre and Velasquez, ethics has two parts. First, it refers to well base standards of right and wrong behavior. What individuals ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, and benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues. Second, it refers to continually examining our moral beliefs and moral conduct, and striving to live up to these well based standards (Andre, C, Velesquez, M. , 1987). Many companies around the world have left their customers in a state of frustration or distrust to specific businesses resulting in an analysis from regulatory authorities and government. Creating a high standard on ethical issues and integrating ethics to the strategic planning can build a great corporate image for stakeholders and the organization. Integrating to the strategic planning a disciplinary policy to manage integrity in the business. There are specific strategies to incorporate to a plan for ethical manners and the first will be to be explicit on the ethical goals and criteria of the company. Second to demonstrate the commitment to the first one. Third, to communicate and train employees in order to behave and act using their criteria making decisions for the company based on their goals. Four monitor the employees’ behavior and decisions in the company. For last, maintain on-going proactive integrity continuity management (Valentino, 2007). This may ensure the company’s stakeholders best interest and will address their needs. The Role of Social Responsibility The Role of Social Reponsability is a major element to a strategic planning in a business. This demand has been marked by numerous claims linking corporate social responsibility to a firm’s profits, particularly in professional publications (Kanter, 1999). A social responsibility can be an example of ethical behavior. It’s attractive to general society. A business on the other side not very often can afford to go around and do good deeds if is not potential to receive a profitable benefit. Sometimes companies go beyond what is optional intending to create a benefit for others beside the company. A good example of a socially responsible behavior could be a company raising money for a research on a disease or raise money for a cause or make a requirement for their employees to volunteer in a community service. My Ethical Perspective My ethical perspective has expanded via this program, as I have understood the relationship involving ethics and its repercussion in a business. I have understood the meaning of ethics in terms of help to the stakeholders of an organization and the significance in the organizations day-to-day process. The program has qualified to identify the relationship concerning ethics and the different mechanism of the strategic plan of the organization. The upcoming of our organizations, the people they stand for, and the wider society that can only be build up by push in ethics into the strategic planning process. Ethics are central the overall management of the firm. Conclusion There are many things an organization can do to assist good ethical behavior and social responsibility. The best thing is to make sure the employees understand the companies’ values and culture of the organization and promotes it. Allowing employees to address to their managers regarding ethical behavior can be a great solution and this must be a concern and a result of ambiguous decisions about the right thing to do. Must well known companies include a code of ethics written and handle them to their new employees, by developing brochures with the companies mission statements ad beliefs. References Andre, C. Velesquez, M. (1987). What is Ethics? Issues in Ethics, 1, Fall 1987. Retrieved September 1, 2010 from https://www. scu. edu/ethics/publications/iie/v1n1/whatis. html Kanter R. M. (1999, December 14). From Spare Change to Real Change. Harvard Business Review 77 (3), 122-132. Retrieved September 1, 2010 from https://hbswk. hbs. edu/item/2974. html Lessons from the Enron Scandal On March 5, 2002, Kirk Hanson, executive director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, was interviewed about Enron by Atsushi Nakayama, a reporter for the Japanese newspaper Nikkei, Santa Clara University, Retrieved September 1, 2010 from https://www. cu. edu/ethics/publications/ethicalperspectives/enronlessons. html Valentino, B. (2007, September 3). MBA Toolkit For CSR: Strategic Planning And Corporate Social Responsibility. Retrieved September 1, 2010 from https://www. chinacsr. com/en/2007/09/03/1652-mba-toolkit-for-csr-strategic-planning-and-corporate-social-responsibility/. Williams Institute: Ethical Choices in the Workplace, University Of Phoenix assessment week 1, strategic planning and implementation STR/581